The term "clan" comes from the Scottish Gaelic word "clann" which means "children". The concept of "children" (or "family") has bonded the Scottish people together for centuries. It also caused some of the bloodiest battles ever witnessed.

Scottish clans are formed around a common surname and those clans either lived in the highlands or lowlands; giving rise to the terms "highland clan" and "lowland clan". In reality, only highland families lived in the clan society we think of today. Lowland families also formed alliances around their surname but followed a looser governing structure.

For centuries, smaller family groups allied themselves with various neighbouring clans for protection and political strength. As a result, many American last names are now linked to at least one Scottish clan. So how do you find yours? There are a number of websites that can help but a good list can be found at http://www.electricscotland.com/.

Don't worry if you get to the games before you've located your clan connection. There are always people available to point you in the right direction. And if it turns out your last name isn't Scottish, don't give up. Many societies welcome affiliate members who don't have a drop of Scottish blood in their body! As long as you're interested in supporting the goals and programs of that particular organization, you can enjoy the benefits of membership regardless of your ethnicity.

An excellent, in-depth guide on Scottish Clans is the "Scottish Clan and Family Encyclopedia" by George Way of Plean and Romilly Squire.

What should I wear to the event?

One of the most frequent questions we hear is, "What do I wear to the games?" The answer? Anything you want to! The more tartan the better!

A good point of reference is "So You're Going To Wear The Kilt" by J. Charles Thompson. This is the definitive reference for proper Scottish attire and will keep you from making many social and stylistic errors connected with Scottish clothing. This information can be essential if you choose to dress in a more traditional manner or attend formal Scottish events.

MEN - Everyday Wear

Many men at the Highland games will wear kilts but many will not. If you're uncomfortable wearing a kilt, you'll find khakis or jeans along with a shirt embroidered with your clan insignia is also common.

Another popular option is a vest over a Jacobite or Kilt/Clansman shirt (period-style muslin shirt that laces up with leather or fabric). This lends a more historic look while still working well with jeans or kilts. And don't forget your hat! A Balmoral or Glengarry and clan badge pin is worn by most men - kilt or no kilt.

MEN - Kilts and Traditional Scottish Attire

If you choose to invest in a kilt, do some online research and talk to reputable companies before purchasing anything. A kilt is an expensive investment but one that will offer many years of wear if cared for properly - and you don't gain too much weight!!

Several variations of kilt-wear are seen at the games. Some men stick to traditional styles but others prefer the look made popular by "Braveheart" and "Rob Roy" known as the great kilt or breacan feile. Another type of kilt that's quickly gaining popularity is the kilt in different patterns and materials often in one colour.

The great kilt is worn in lieu of a traditional kilt and is essentially a 4 - 6 yard long piece of tartan fabric that's 55 - 60 inches wide (length depends on body size). It's gathered and pleated around a belt; wrapping the body in such a manner as to finish by hanging from the shoulder. The great kilt is normally worn with a Jacobite/Clansman shirt.

When worn properly, the great kilt is a very distinctive method of historical dress. But be forewarned. It gets dishevelled easily and thus, requires periodic attention throughout the day to keep it looking neat.

There are also a number of kilt accessories you'll see at the games. Some are appropriate for everyone but others are worn only by clan chiefs, drum majors or to extremely formal events.

A Final Note: Jokes are never ending about what a gentleman wears - or doesn't wear - under his kilt. You'll find that the choices range from nothing at all (!) to bike shorts, regular shorts, swim trunks or boxers. The choice is up to you!

Does Scottish legislation apply to Americans and other foreign nationals wearing sporrans made from endangered species purchased in their own country?
This response concentrates on common "sporran" species but UK legislation covers many species all with slightly different levels of protection.
The Government advise as undernoted.

(a) Legislation under which a licence is required for a sporran made from an endangered or a protected species

Under The Conservation (Natural Habitats etc) Amendment (Scotland) Regulations 2007 a person possessing a sporran made from a European protected species is required to have a licence. A licence can be issued if there is evidence that the animal was lawfully taken between the dates of 10 June 1994 and 1 May 2007. However, if the animal was taken after 1 May 2007 then a licence cannot be issued. Please note that the dates refer specifically to when the animal was taken, not when the sporran, (or other item derived from the animal) was made. This mainly relates to Otters.

It is legal to possess a sporran made from a UK protected species provided the animal was taken legally. However, it is illegal to sell a sporran made from a UK protected species included in schedule 5 without a licence. The relevant legislation is the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, Regulation 9 (5):

(5) Subject to the provisions of this Part, if any person-

(a) sells, offers or exposes for sale, or has in his possession or transports for the purpose of sale, any live or dead wild animal included in Schedule 5, or any part of, or anything derived from, such an animal; or

(b) publishes or causes to be published any advertisement likely to be understood as conveying that he buys or sells, or intends to buy or sell, any of those things,

he shall be guilty of an offence.

Schedule 5 contains roughly 90 species. For sporran purposes, animals most likely to be involved are Pine Marten and Red Squirrel.
(b) Does the legislation apply to Americans and other foreign nationals wearing sporrans made from endangered species purchased in their own country?
It does not apply to Americans, as long as the animal was legally taken in their own country. In addition, Americans are less likely to have sporrans made from European Otters, (Lutra lutra) or Pine Martens (Martes martes) or Red Squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris). People from other European countries, however, will be covered by laws from their own countries which are likely to be very close to our 2007 regulations.

WOMEN – Everyday Dress

You'll see a wide variety of everyday clothing at the games; from jeans to jumpers and everything in between. Clan-wear accessories such as tartan sashes, tams and clan crest pins are worn by many people. These items are readily available and aren't terribly expensive. A frequently seen item is a cape, shawl or ruana in tartan fabric. Another favourite is a pleated skirt; found in knee length ("kilted skirt") or ankle length ("hostess skirt") versions.

For those who sew, tartan material can be made into a number of unique items that are both appropriate and comfortable. Tartan skirts, jumpers, vests and blazers are frequently seen at the games. Fabric is available from a number of online sources and comes in various weights of wool, cotton and occasionally, raw silk, flannel or taffeta.

Examples of Everyday Dress

WOMEN – Period /Historical Costume

Many women enjoy wearing period/historical costumes to the games. While occasionally cumbersome, it's quite striking and looks good on almost every body type.

Generally, there are two approaches you can take if you want to wear costume. For lack of a better term, they can be described as the "popular" style and the "re-enactor" style. Both have components that date between the mid 1600's to late 1700's and both appear to be historically accurate; however, students of costume history will find errors in the "popular" style. So, decide which way you want to go before you buy anything!

If you choose the "re-enactor" style, a good starting point is "Dressing for the '45: Assembling A Basic 18th Century Scottish Woman's Costume", copyright 2003 M. E. Riley. If you opt for the "popular" look, you'll need the following wardrobe components:

Chemise: a long-sleeve muslin or linen shift with gathered neckline and sleeves. Looks like an old fashioned nightgown. Usually ankle length but women who attend games in hotter climates have been known to cut them off at the waist! Colour should be natural muslin or complimentary to your tartan.

Bodice: a lace-up vest that's worn over the chemise. Usually made from heavy cotton, tartan, velvet, suede, or tapestry. Solid colour bodices should match the clan tartan. At highland games, the bodice is more conservative as opposed to the lower-cut style frequently seen at Renaissance fairs.

Skirt: ankle length and very full. Worn over the chemise. Made of heavy cotton or tartan. Solid colors may match or contrast the bodice as long as they're compatible with the clan tartan. Skirts can be split down the front to reveal the long chemise underneath and can also have a contrasting overskirt. Hoops are not worn with this style of period dress.

Bonnet (hat): usually a tam (beret) in solid wool or tartan. Sometimes, a snood is worn in place of a bonnet.

Arisaidh: (pronounced air-say). An outer wrap made from tartan material. Almost identical to the man's great kilt, the main difference is that the women's version is ankle length instead of knee length. Arisaidhs are made from two to three yards of 45 - 60" wide tartan fabric (amount varies according to the wearer's height and size) and require a leather belt or tie at the waist.

Making the Arisaidh: At one end of the fabric, the two corners are tied in a small knot and the right arm is run through the opening; allowing the yardage to hang from the right shoulder. A belt is secured at the waist on top of the fabric. The tartan is then pulled up underneath the belt until a large, draping fold is created. The remaining end of the fabric should line up with the bottom of the skirt (or slightly higher). Then, the drape is adjusted evenly around the waist at the belt line in soft gathers. This essentially creates an overskirt with a front slit and a large, draping piece hanging from the right shoulder. Finally, a clan pin or Scottish brooch can be added at the shoulder to secure everything in place.

In Conclusion: there are some negatives to wearing costume; most notably toilets, weather conditions and driving. However, despite the potential drawbacks, wearing period costume makes the event even more special and ultimately, you'll be glad you made the extra effort.

Will people mock me for wearing the traditional tartan regalia?

As many of the people attending The Gathering 2009 will never have been to a highland games before they may not be aware of the extent that people go to to look the part and fully engage in the spirit of the event. Therefore it is possible that people may be intrigued by this and in turn stare and make comments about what they see but this is more to do with experiencing something new rather than mocking people.

Can I bring traditional weaponry to the event?

No restrictions will be placed on the wearing of Highland Dress accessories at the Highland Games in Holyrood Park.

However for the Clan Parade and the Pageant, we strongly recommend that Highland dress accessories are kept to a bare minimum of sgian dubhs and dirks. The seating on the Castle Esplanade is very tight and to ensure everyone's comfort we cannot have any items larger than a dirk being worn or carried. For health and safety reasons, we cannot allow claymores to be carried on the parade. We cannot stress enough the importance of your own safety and comfort and we have been working together with Lothian and Borders Police to make this event run as smoothly and safely as possible.

A message from Lothian and Borders Police:

‘The Gathering 2009' - Statement regarding the carrying of weaponry

Lothian and Borders Police are working very closely with the organiser to provide clarity in relation to the carrying of weaponry as part of the ‘The Gathering 2009' weekend celebrations.

Scots law provides specific legislation and guidance in relation to the carrying of knives and other offensive weapons, and also details the exemptions that apply to such use.

We recognise that a great many people will want to fully participate and enjoy the occasion, and that this will include dressing in national costume and other forms of pageant and regalia.

Accordingly, we intend to adopt a pragmatic and common sense approach, to allow for those who are carrying ceremonial weaponry as part of national costume and dress to do so as part of the event.

It is important to stress that those taking part must act responsibly, and that any inappropriate and unruly behaviour will not be tolerated and will be robustly dealt with.

It is also recommended that all attendees refer to the guidance provided by the organiser, both on their website and in mailings, for further information regarding the carrying of weaponry at specific events e.g. the pageant, as this may prohibit the carrying of specific dress weapons for logistical and other reasons.

‘The Gathering 2009' is a fantastic event for Scotland and Lothian and Borders Police look forward to being involved with a landmark event.'

Possible items to bring to the event:

Folding chairs
Waterproof ground cloth if you plan to sit on the ground
Sturdy walking shoes
Cash for tickets, parking, and food
Sunscreen
Rain gear
Backpack or rolling tote bag - to carry your gear and purchases

Will there be parking available at the event?

Due to the location of the event there will not be a Highland Games and Scottish Festival carpark. We recommend Edinburgh's excellent public transport services to get to Holyrood Park as there is very limited, if any, parking near the event.

What should I expect to find at my clan tent?

At your clan tent you'll learn invaluable information about your family's Scottish connection and be greeted by friendly faces who want to extend a warm welcome.

Most clans have a guestbook they'd like you to sign. This keeps a record of how many people stopped by and clarifies demographics for that particular event. Signing does not obligate you to join the organization but some clans will use the information to add you to their mailing list. If you don't want to be contacted, just let them know.

Many of the Clan Chiefs will be present at The Gathering 2009 and can be found in or close to their clan tent.

How do I get to The Gathering 2009?

The Gathering 2009 is located in central Edinburgh and can be reached easily by foot from the Royal Mile, Princes Street, Edinburgh Waverley train station and the bus station.

If you would prefer to go by bus then the numbers 35 and 36 go right to Holyrood Palace, whilst the 4, 5, 15, 19, 26, 34, 44 and 45 all pass along the nearby London Road (alight at Meadowbank Shopping Centre) which is around 5 minutes walk to the back entrances of Holyrood Park. For more information see the Lothian Buses website.

Will I be able to leave and come back?

As long as you have proof of entry you will be able to exit and enter the event on the day shown on the ticket, however your ticket does not automatically guarantee re-entry onsite if site capacity reaches it limit.

Will there be areas under cover if it rains?

There will be a considerable number of tented areas within The Gathering 2009 that can be used if the weather is bad. All major food and drink venues will also be under cover.

Are the events suitable for children?

The Clan Parade and Pageant will be on for quite a few hours. The parade could take up to 2 hours to move from Holyrood Palace to the Castle and the pageant itself will be on for an hour finishing around 11pm in the evening, we therefore recommend that this event is not suitable for young children.

The Highland Games and Scottish Festival on at Holyrood Park for the 2 days is a family event and will be suitable for children of all ages.

What disabled access is there?

Holyrood Park, where the Highland Games and Scottish Festival is being held, is a grassed area. The majority of the park is flat but there may be some areas unsuitable for wheelchairs.

Vehicles have been provided for people who are registered wheelchair users, spaces on these vehicles are now at capacity. Anyone who has not completed the Clan Parade questionnaire asking for assistance should now make their own way to West Parliament Square where you can join the end of the parade for the last leg to the Esplanade, however, you should be aware that this is quite a steep climb over cobbles.

You should be aware that there are limited spaces for wheelchairs at the Castle Esplanade; therefore, it is essential that you let us know well in advance of the event. We also ask that you inform us as to whether your wheelchair is manual or electric.

Can I bring my own picnic?

You are welcome to bring your own picnic to the Highland Games and Scottish Festival. Areas will be available in Holyrood Park at the Highland Games and Scottish Festival for you to consume your own food. We will also have a large selection of food and refreshment retailers' onsite for you to choose from. Food consumption is not permitted at the pageant.

Can I bring my dog along?

Unfortunately we cannot allow dogs, other than guide dogs accompanied by a registered blind person, at the Clan Parade and Pageant and to the Highland Games and Scottish Festival. Please note that the events at The Gathering 2009 may involve the use of pyrotechnics and loud noises.

Will there be camping facilities at the Highland Games and Scottish Festival?

There are no camping facilities within the grounds of Holyrood Park. For safety reasons the erection of any tents or structures without permission is not permitted within the grounds of Holyrood Park.

Can I bring alcohol onsite?

Alcohol is not permitted to be brought onto the site. We will be having a whisky tasting area onsite and there will also be areas onsite where alcohol may be purchased. Consumption of alcohol must be within designated drinking areas.

Will selling and charity collecting be allowed onsite?

No charity collection will be permitted onsite without prior permissions of organisers. Only vendors granted prior permission by the organisers may sell items onsite in the approved areas.

What rules do you have about BBQs/Fireworks/Pyrotechnics onsite?

For health and safety reasons no naked flames are permitted within the parade, pageant, or Holyrood Park. BBQs, fireworks and pyrotechnics are not permitted.

CLAN PARADE AND PAGEANT

If I do not have a passport can I take part in the Parade?

Unfortunately due to logistics and policing of the Clan Parade and Pageant it is essential that only those with a Gathering 2009 Passport take part. This element of the event is effectively part of the pageant and will be quite a spectacle for those watching as so many people will be dressed in their clan regalia parading up the Royal mile. People are more than welcome to come and watch the parade on the Royal Mile.

Do I have to be a member of a clan to take part in the parade?

No. People will generally march in clan groups but there will almost certainly be a large number of people with no affiliation therefore they will just walk as a group.

Can I take part in the Clan Parade if I have a mobility problem?

If I am a passport holder can I bring a child on the Parade and then onto the esplanade?

No one over the age of three will be admitted on the Parade and into the Pageant without a passport. If you are intending to bring a child under the age of three please take into account children tire easily and the walk up the Royal Mile may be too much of a climb for them, along with the length and lateness of the whole event. The child will Therefore we would recommend that if at all possible you do not bring anyone under the age of three on the Parade.

Can I bring a pushchair on the Parade?

Due to the nature of the street, it is not recommended that you bring a push chair as they will be unable to negotiate the cobbles and there is nowhere to store the pushchair when you reach the Castle.

Can I carry my child on the Parade?

For health and safety reasons, we cannot allow children to be carried on the shoulders of an adult in case they fall back and injure themselves and or the person behind them. However, you may carry your child close to your chest in front of you.

Do I have to be a member of a clan to take part in the Parade?

No. People will generally march in clan groups but there will almost certainly be a large number of people with no affiliation therefore they will just walk as a group.

Do I have to take part in the Parade to gain entry to the Clan Pageant?

It is not essential that you walk with the Parade to enter the Clan Pageant. As long as you have a ticket you can go straight to the Castle esplanade with your ticket.

In what order will the clans Parade up the Royal Mile?

Clans will travel up the Royal Mile in alphabetical order. This will be organised by The Gathering 2009 team at the designated meeting point.

Where is the meeting point for the Parade?

The meeting point is still to be agreed but it will be within the vicinity of Holyrood. Clans will start to congregate at around 7.15pm but will be given an exact time and place nearer the event.

How long will the Parade take?

It is estimated the Parade will take one to two hours to get all the clans up the Royal Mile.

Can I pass out literature or badges etc.?

No. The Parade prohibits distribution of anything during the Parade.

What should I wear?

You are welcome to wear what you would feel most comfortable in. However, given you are marching with your clan, it would be good to see you dress for the occasion in your clan’s tartan to make this the spectacle and historic event that we hope it will be. You should also wear comfortable, sturdy shoes with grip as the Royal Mile is a cobbled street and if wet can become very slippery. Please do not burden yourself with any hand luggage, take a small purse if need be, as space is limited when seated at the Castle.

Will there be help available should I require it?

The Gathering 2009 will have stewards who are clearly identifiable walking alongside the Parade who will assist with any first aid calls, stumbles or any changes to the Parade that may occur.

Will there be toilets provided on route to the Castle?

No. There will be no toilets on the Parade route, but there will be adequate toilet facilities upon reaching the Castle esplanade.

How many Banners can each Clan bring onto the Parade?

The Gathering will provide a steward to head up each clan who will carry the clan name that the Gathering 2009 will have made especially for the Parade. Other than that we would anticipate that most Clans will come along with their Chief’s and armigers personal standards and banners plus the Clan/Society banners (only official clan banners can be paraded).

What happens to the clan banners once we reach the castle esplanade?

Banners will be collected by The Gathering 2009 Stewards and will be available for collection from St Giles square immediately after the event after this they will be taken back to Holyrood Park to a designated point where they can be collected the next morning.

What if it rains?

The Parade and Pageant will go ahead as planned but you should bring along a waterproof and as mentioned earlier, shoes with grip as the cobbles can become very slippery if wet. No umbrellas are permitted on the esplanade as they restrict the views of others.

Is there transport provided to take us back after the Pageant?

No. You will be responsible for making your own way home. However, there are a number of taxi stations close to the Castle and the local bus service runs until at least 2330hrs.

Our stewards will be on hand post event to make sure you leave the Castle esplanade safely and they will also point you in the right direction of taxis and bus stops.

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